Begin in Tsavo

Begin in Tsavo

Starting a safari in Tsavo West insures a memorable safari. But don’t drive!

My 60th birthday safari began in Tsavo West at Kilaguni Lodge, in part because it was where my kids, Brad and Elizabeth, had their first safari when they were little, and in part because over the years clients have told me that starting at Kilaguni was the best thing I suggested they do.

Tsavo West is exactly what people imagine Africa to be: endless vistas of scrubland brush, acacia trees and open savannahs. But the surprise of seeing jutting mountains sculpting a Grand Canyon like landscape, including Mt. Kilimanjaro, leaves them breathless.

Kilaguni was Kenya’s first non-hunting game lodge. Now owned by Serena Hotels, the rooms are comfortable if compact, and the original long verandah which overlooks the water holes has been preserved in tact. The vista which greets incoming guests is stunning, and I’ve had more than a few clients forego a game drive to just sit on the verandah taking it all in.

Dining is just off the verandah, and every room looks onto the water holes, so Africa just never stops. An unending parade of Africa marches to and fro. We watched elephant families, baboon troops, zebra herds; waterbuck strut right under the verandah, giraffe spread their legs to drink, every night began with the Verreaux’s eagle owl pruning itself in the spotlights, and hours after we had to leave we heard that a leopard was seen drinking at the water hole in broad daylight.

The first game drive ended at Rhino Ridge with a sundowner, and though a bit windy, my son Brad and nephew Tim rock climbed onto the highest boulder. They were probably a thousand feet above the Athi Valley, and we all watched elephant coming down to drink in a vista that was now nearly as deep as it was wide!

Game viewing in Tsavo was sobering because of the lack of rain that may have begun to reverse while we were there. But all the grazers were in dire shape. Normally buffalo and hippo are too rotund to allow bone structures to appear, but this time there was hardly an animal whose skeleton didn’t show. We saw one dead hippo and another dying under a tree. There just was no grass.

There had been just enough rain in the last several seasons to keep the trees green, and many new leaves created a stunning blue green color over the veld. Browsers like giraffe and elephant were doing just fine, and some of the gazelle were seen browsing as well. The zebra – although grazers – weren’t too bad, and they were chomping the dried long grasses just like horses consume winter hay.

But those animals that would only eat grass, like buffalo and hippo, were dying. Fortunately, very heavy rain fell both of the days we were there. We hope the dry spell has been broken.

But the highlight of the game viewing came as we returned to what was apparently a road kill of a zebra. As we approached, Carley Flores screamed. (Everyone’s allowed one scream, but it’s well known that human sounds disturb wild animals. They don’t mind diesel chugs, screeching ball bearings, car fumes or even whining breaks. But the great variety of human voices is threatening.)

On the road kill zebra was a pride of 9 lion. In the less than 3 hours since we had seen it in the morning most of the zebra was gutted. All that was left were the feet, a small part of the head, the skin and hooves. Even the tail was gone, although hyaena and jackal were yet nowhere to be seen.

A full grown male lion can put down 50 pounds of raw meat. This zebra probably weighed around 500 pounds, of which 400 was sirloin. That’s just about right for a pride of 9 lion. We stayed with the pride for 90 minutes, putting together a fantastic story of the four mature females, the four nearly grown cubs and the grand pride master who stayed far in the distance.

Two of the nearly grown cubs were male. Young males are among the most gorgeous animals on the veld: their manes are sprouting like partially shaved Hollywood stars. They don’t yet have the scars of older males, and their faces are especially beautiful.

But normally they would have been kicked out of the family before they grew larger than their mother. They were definitely already larger than any of the mature females, and there was a lot of tension. As they approached the kill, there was deep growling throughout the whole pride. At least for the short time we were there, the mature females dominated them despite now being smaller.

But the day will come soon when the young male tries to mate. They will have to overcome the pride master, first, which would be a real feat, but if they did, their mothers will fight to the death before succombing.

Why were they still there? The only answer I could come up with is that the distressed situation on the veld is compromising a lot of normal animal behavior. We saw, for instance, mixed herds of impala. Normally impala are strictly found in all male (bachelor) herds, or in large harem herds with only one harem master. Yet several times we found mixed herds.

Elephant families do come together to water, dig for water, or to travel. But we found elephant families sharing the same tree shade for their midday naps. That’s quite unusual. I have to conclude that the dry spell, which we think is now ending, has somehow contributed to this anomalous behavior.

The game drive ended as we stopped the cars for a half hour at sunset and enjoyed sundowners. The start of the rainy season means gigantic cloud formations, distant rain and the beautiful flute-like cry of the rain birds like the crimson breasted shrike. I watched Steve Coates holding his Tusker but forgetting to drink as he stared endlessly into the beautiful African horizon.

We had heard that the “new road” between Nairobi and Mombasa made the road journey to Tsavo easy. Not true. The road isn’t done. It is only done from Machakos south, and the journey from Nairobi city is excruciating. Until this highway really is done, I’ll be flying from now on.

We left Tsavo newly excited. It seemed to everyone that things just couldn’t get better!

Must-Do Nairobi

Must-Do Nairobi

A safari without Nairobi misses a lot. But don’t arrive during the day on a weekday!

I know that a lot of people come to East Africa just to see the animals. There are many safaris that do little else. But never mine.

My 60th birthday safari began with three days in Nairobi. And we didn’t have enough time. There are attractions that personally I could do without, but which I realize are so famous that someone investing in seeing Nairobi probably expects to see.

Giraffe Manor is where the endangered Rothschild Giraffe is protected, in the nearby suburb of Karen. Beverly Settle-Flores was the first to hold an animal food pellet in her mouth which the oldest giraffe there, Daisy, dutifully plucks out with her elongated tongue. Sandy and Ken Winge both saddled up behind Daisy and got their photographs taken as if rocking Daisy’s enormous head.

I use the fun and games to explain the miracles of a giraffe’s anatomy: the remarkable tongue which has evolved through millennia to not just strip tiny acacia leaves from their branches, but to tolerate the impressive acacia thorns; the “second heart”, or two-chamber stop valve that exists halfway up their neck so that the blood pumped up doesn’t sink down; and the unusual gate, unique to camels and giraffe.

Nearby is the Kazuri Beads Womens Cooperative. Kazuri is one of the most successful Kenyan “Harambee” or self-help projects, and its remarkable success has truly freed more than 100 single moms from the constraints of slum poverty. My wife, Kathleen, doesn’t only proudly wear a variety of Kazuri jewelry, but one of dinner sets is Kazuri. It’s great fun to see the process, including the long tables in the main workroom filled with women working and chatting, dressed as colorfully as the beads they’re making.

East African curios and other art work is definitely spectacular, and no wonder given that the earning margin is so high and opportunities for more traditional employment so limited. A typical Kazuri beads necklace sells for $20-30. As much as half of that gets back in total to the women who produced it. (The other half is for direct administrative and material costs.) That’s far higher, for example, than what an artisan selling in the bush gets for his work, where usually 80-90% of what the tourists pays never gets past the middle men. (The chain of sale includes the original collector who scours the countryside, then the shop owner who inventories the items, and finally the actually person who sells it.)

Nearby is the single attraction in Karen that I would make mandatory: the Karen Blixen homestead and museum. But I concede that it really depends upon getting a good guide, or alternatively, having done your own homework well before.

This is Karen Blixen’s original (second) home in Kenya. It is the setting for her famous book Out of Africa. It isn’t just the wonder of stepping back almost a century into old kitchens and steel bathtubs; it’s the much broader history and anecdotes of the time that bring to life colonial Kenya.

We ended our time in Kenya at a welcome cocktail party at the Exchange Bar of the Stanley Hotel. Two out of every five pieces of furniture in this beautifully restored colonial bar are original. This is where the colonists played during the weekend, and it was a pretty rough crowd! (Read White Mischief.)

And my favorite attraction of all is the newly renovated National Museum. I always used the museum — even in its most decrepit days — as a foundation for numerous topics including elephant poaching, cultural diversity and especially, early man. The new early man exhibit is stellar.

I don’t think there is another museum in the world that would put on display 6 actual hominid fossils, including its star attraction, Turkana Boy, which is one of only three nearly complete hominid skeleton fossils in existence. The room gives me goose bumps every time I enter it. Steve and Maren Coates both remarked that they could spend an entire day in the museum.

And there is much more. I wish we could have scheduled the 11 a.m. feeding of the orphaned elephants at the Daphne Sheldrick Elephant Orphanage near the Kenya Wildlife Service headquarters. Just walking down Nairobi’s streets is a feast for the eyes. From grand Kenyatta Avenue with its skyscrapers to Biashara Lane at the old city market where the early traders shouted out commodity prices before there was a Nairobi stock exchange, the recognition that Nairobi is a mixture of the very old and very new is ever present.

Get a shoe shine for $5 opposite the beautiful city mosque. Get any book you’ve ever wanted about Africa at the Stanley Bookshop. Have the finest seafood dinner at the extraordinary Tamarind restaurant. And if you’ve forgotten anything essential, like toothpaste or writing paper or a cell phone, walk through the 24-7 super Nakumat, Nairobi’s unbelievably giant superstore. Yes, they take credit cards!

But as I’ve written before, don’t arrive during the day of a weekday. Nairobi traffic is also unbelievable. A normal 20-minute journey from the airport to the city center could take you two hours! Make sure you arrive at night or during the weekend. Fortunately, everyone on my safari except Judd and Blair Devermont did so. They arrived at Saturday noon. That wasn’t as bad as during a weekday, but it still took us nearly an hour!

Dry Serengeti

Dry Serengeti

Our safari encounters a very dry Serengeti. Is a drought, or are floods, coming?

We arrived Ndutu Lodge on Wednesday after an extremely dry drive east to west across the entire bottom half of the Serengeti. It isn’t yet a drought, but it’s very dry.

We started north of Olduvai Gorge, saw the remarkable Shifting Sands and had lunch on a kopjes near Lemuta. The veld at a distance had a patina of green, but was mostly brown. There was no new grass. We found a few waterholes, but they seemed to be drying rapidly. Around one, five hyaena seemed to keep guard.

The difference between the Serengeti Plains when they are verdant and green, and when they are dry as now, is the difference between exuberance and depression. We found abandoned Maasai bomas, no sign of Maasai anywhere. There were still some animals – as I said, it isn’t yet a drought, but the herds were nowhere to be found.

The plains looked like they do in August. It was even the more remarkable, because Ngorongoro was so wet.

Universal opinion here is that global warming is causing extreme fractures in traditional weather patterns. A hundred-square mile area like the crater can be normal and wet, and adjacent at Olduvai it’s like a drought. Sand rivers and seasonal streams intersect these areas, so it definitely isn’t as bad as a real drought. But it isn’t good.

On Thursday we had to leave the Serengeti all together and enter the Maswa Game Reserve. There at its southern end near the Kerio River we found lots and lots of seemingly happy wildebeest. The veld was green and there were puddles of water everywhere. But at Ndutu where we stayed, it was dust.

Lake Ndutu looks OK. But Lake Masek is dry and the swamp is brittle. How absolutely remarkable that there can be such a difference in such a relatively small area.

On Friday we headed north to the center of the park. In a complete switch from normalcy, the center and the western Moru Kopjes were beautiful and green, wet and gorgeous. And while it may have taken us a few days to discover this, the wildebeest already knew!

Massive seas of wildebeest were coming from two opposite directions into this area. From the north around Seronera, and from the south at Ndutu, they were flooding into the Moru Kopjes in the west center of the park. It was fabulous for us!

We took the long route all the way around the kopjes, and the site on the western side was stupendous. Great lines of running wilde – looking quite healthy – were streaming through the passes in the great sculpted kopjes. Thousands of zebra followed. And on our way out of this beautiful dense herd, we saw a huge leopard!

George Haley, a farmer from Illinois, remarked, “I don’t understand how there can be so many animals in one place!”

For us we’d accomplished our task, found the wilde and in huge numbers. But I remain so worried for Tanzanians. Whether a drought will now develop, or floods will arrive late, neither will be good for man the farmer, or man the miner, or even man the city dweller.

For the animals, they’ll work it out. Obviously floods are better than a drought, so for them I worry less. There’s a 50-50 chance that life will be just A-OK for them.

But for men, it’s already a disaster.

Fabulous Crater

Fabulous Crater

The crater never seems to fail me. But client patience made it better than ever.

We left Crater Lodge at 6 a.m. having cajoled our butlers to wake us shortly after 5 a.m. with hot drinks and the cookies of the day. It was dark until we reached the down-road gate around 6:30a.

Even on the rim road we saw game, as our Landcruisers had to stop several times for buffalo. But I could tell as we began the descent that it was going to be a good day.

The crater was beautifully green. The central lake was large and there were pockets of water all over the veld reflecting sunrise. When we got to the floor I noticed a new road into the forest and reckoned correctly that it was the newly opened bathrooms. Never pass a bathroom!

But what we found was a lot more exciting than new state-of-the-art choos. Not 20 yards away were two of the crater’s finest tuskers, one with a truly massive pair that turned back inwards like a pincer. Many of the largest tusked elephants wandered into the crater during the horrible years of poaching and never left. They found protection and today may be the largest tusked elephants left in Africa.

We immediately encountered hundreds of wildebeest, female herds with an equal number of calves and mothers. Umbilical chords shown on just a few, so I figured the birthing took place right on schedule at the end of February. Later in the day we would watch a distressed mother blarting wildly and running about as she tried to find a lost calf.

Hyaena were everywhere and many of my clients are so surprised when they see the randomly wandering hyaena, looking for everything like a simple dog on a walk. But that’s actually the way hyaenas usually behave: individually randomly walking across the veld, hoping to come upon something.

But it wasn’t too long afterwards that we saw the other side of hyaenas. Along the Mungi River we saw 8 lions on an eland kill. Now an eland weighs up to 1400 pounds. There were four mature females and four 6-month old lion cubs. It is remarkable how much meat a lion can chow down, but at most I figured the pride could consumer about 300 pounds maximum.

From the looks of the kill it had happened the day before. The lions had collapsed helter skelter with their big bellies in the grass, but one female wouldn’t leave the kill. She obviously couldn’t eat another bite, but she wouldn’t leave it to the jackals, birds and hyaenas that were circling.

They weren’t far from the river, and I’m sure they had already watered. Lions have to follow their chow-down with gallons of water in order to prime digestion. If they hadn’t, their faces would still have been bloody, and they weren’t. So clearly they had been down to the river, but returned to fend off the scavengers.

Finally, the cubs began to moan and started to walk towards the river with its abundant shade on their own. Three mature females followed, but the one stayed on the kill, now capable only of licking it.

Soon the hyaena were whooping. Two hyaena became three then four and they began circling the lion. I’m sure she could have chased them away, but perhaps the hassle was just to much. She got up, hyperventilating like all lions with recently filled bellies, and sauntered with the rest to the trees over the river.

The jackals went in immediately. Of course, they can get out just as quickly. It’s virtually impossible for a jackal to be touched by a lion. The hyaena were more cautious. Stretching upright in the grass, they looked around as if a fifth mature lion were waiting for them in the grass.

Then they moved in, and the food feast began. Blood squirted, pieces of meat and skin were thrown about, and the hyaena dug into the eland as if it were a dirt pile. Moments later, vultures came cruising in, which was remarkable in itself since we saw no trees except along the river, and these birds seemed to have come from the opposite direction.

Some safaris just luck out, and for certain this one did. But it takes more than luck to experience something like this. We were there for nearly 70 minutes. During the time our silent vehicles watched the event, another 8 vehicles came and went, spending just a few minutes it seemed. I’m always a bit worried that I push my clients too far, so at one point I asked if they were ready to leave.

Bryan Hassell said forcibly, “Let’s just wait a few minutes.” And sure enough, it was in those few minutes that the persistent female guard gave up, and the next chapter of the event began, something very precious to see.

I understand completely people who “want to see everything.” But I think it goes without saying that those who rush from place to place might be able to tick off a number of animals, but will likely never get to know them the way we did, today, in the crater.

Later we’d see more lion, serval, cheetah and enjoy a beautiful picnic breakfast by a lake with 14 hippo. Maybe, we could have seen even more, but I don’t think anyone would have traded in that hour plus at the lion kill for anything!

E.Africa Drought?

E.Africa Drought?

We abandon Lake Manyara because it’s too hot and dry. I think this is global warming.

We entered the park around 11:30a coming from Tarangire. A midday game drive in Lake Manyara for safaris traveling north from Tarangire to the crater is commonplace. We take a picnic lunch and sit by the lakeshore watching flamingoes.

We didn’t see any flamingoes. There wasn’t enough water in this usually giant lake for them. At the most famous place in the park, where a large stream runs into its northwest top drawing upwards of 100 hippo and hundreds of breeding birds, we saw around 20 hippo and no breeding birds.

The beautiful varied trees of Manyara were losing their leaves. And it was 95 F! After we guffed down our lunch, we raced out to the Karatu highlands where it was so much nicer.

Droughts have been a part of Africa for all of recorded history. We used to think of them as coming every ten years. But the last real drought in East Africa was in 1992-94, so we are certainly due. But many believe we’ll never get a normal drought, again. Rather, we’ll experience the unusual mini-droughts simultaneously with flooding nearby, which is wrecking havoc on this ecosystem.

Manyara is absolutely experiencing a drought. But Tarangire to the south, and Ngorongoro and the Serengeti to the north, are not having a drought. In fact, the southern Serengeti had some flooding yesterday.

In Laikipia in Kenya (the area in which Samburu is located), there was only one week of rains in November. Normally this area’s short rains begin in November and continue for 6 or 7 weeks. There were areas further to the east that missed the Short Rains altogether. The Ewaso Nyiro River which divides Samburu with Buffalo Springs national park that normally dries for only a week in October has been dry since January 12.

Yet in the Aberdare Mountains, a mere 45 air miles south of Samburu, it was pouring when we were there, and at least for a diagonal strip that we explored from The Ark towards the west edge of the park, it was lush and well watered.

I remember in February, 2007, the first time in memory that the Serengeti was parched at that time (except during the years of drought, and 2007 was definitely anything but a drought). Unschooled observers thought was just an interlude between short and long rainy seasons. (And it down poured before and after.)

This was dead wrong, at least historically. The “short rain-long rain” climate area has been restricted to areas east of a north-south line from Nairobi to Arusha. West of this line was a single rainy season the first half of the year followed by a dry season the last half (where the Serengeti lies). This is beautifully illustrated on a large display at the Serengeti park gate at Naabi Hill.

That difference in a relatively small area highlights the microclimate tendencies of an equatorial region. But now it’s being accentuated. The clear line that divided the two climatic zones is being fractured. And to confuse things further, when it rains, it pours. When it’s dry, it’s a drought. And all of this is happening in an extremely small area from a meteorological perspective.

I asked one of my clients on this safari, George Halley, to help me understand if this was unusual. George is a farmer in Illinois with 3000 acres of corn harvested annually. He explained that not too many years ago his area was completely dry, whereas ten miles away they had more than 4″ of rain in a short time. So to a certain extent, then, micro climates happen everywhere, and always have.

Are we just, then, noticing them more? Or is it really global warming?

I think it’s global warming. George was uncertain if that climatic anomaly happened often in the past on the Illinois prairies. I know that it didn’t happen, here. Obviously not every square inch of ground got the same amount of rain as the next, but there certainly wasn’t as great a difference between Manyara and Tarangire as we all saw this week.

And the quick ending mini-droughts of the sort the Serengeti experienced in February, 2007, have little if any precedent. And certainly the torrential downpours that precede then follow these periods of exaggerated dryness are not historical.

For George and his genetically engineered corn group and state of the art drainage ditches, the effects are less severe than for the poor farmers in Manyara, whose crops are withering or washing away. I think that for those of us who enjoy a better station in life than the farmers in Manyara, we better take another very serious look at the effects of global warming.

Yr-Round Tarangire

Yr-Round Tarangire

Don’t consider Tarangire only a seasonal park any longer.

For several years, now, I’ve been writing how wonderful Tarangire National Park is at any time of the year. So many guide books claim otherwise. They’re wrong.

Until the early 1980s, Tarangire was a hunting preserve. The 2200 sq. miles is the best elephant habitat in all of northern Tanzania and Kenya. It’s even better than Amboseli, which is famous for elephants.

One of my clients, Hans Wede, a successful “numbers” businessman from Denmark, estimated that we saw 500 elephants during our three game drives in the park. We saw fights, got charged, saw a half dozen newborns, watched a family for 40 minutes taking a mud bath and generally had one of the finest elephant viewing experiences I’ve myself had in 37 years!

And this is supposed to be the time you don’t go to Tarangire, because the elephants aren’t here.

In many regards, Tarangire is more like a southern than East African wilderness. It is heavily wooded and defined by its great Tarangire sand river and a number of other smaller sand rivers that flow into the Tarangire.

We spent the last two days in Tarangire avoiding elephants. We saw a lot more than just elephants, by the way, including a magnificent male lion (and several more females), lots of bat-eared fox and jackal, giraffe, lots of impala, zebra, buffalo, klipspringer and Tarangire’s outstanding birdlife. At the campfire during sundowners, my clients watched a leopard walk by. But elephants were the feature.

This is the wet season. Now admittedly there are some disadvantages to coming now: very hot, very humid, wet with great thunderstorms, and all this means more and more tse-tse fly. But it also means it’s a beautiful time. The veld is lush and green, the sand river is flowing and drawing all the migrant shore birds, and the forests are abloom with the earliest orchids.

And, contrary to virtually all the popular guide books, there are lots and lots of elephants!

Like so much in East African tourism, the notion that Tarangire is a seasonal park is based in early fact that was never revised as conditions changed. A half century ago when safari tourism began we were confronted with the catastrophic slaughter of elephants. Ninety-five percent of Kenya’s elephants were wiped out; probably 60% of Tanzania’s.

Those that remained were understandably skittish. Their behavior kept them away from people as much as possible. Sand rivers, like Tarangire, were their only source for water in the dry season, so they had to come to the sand rivers, then, even if tourists were waiting to watch them. Water flows nearly continuously under the sand, even in the driest times, and elephants then dig for it.

(My safari group this time even noticed that the elephants preferred to dig for water, even when it was flowing not far from their holes! We were at Samburu earlier, and that area is very dry right now in contrast to Tarangire. There were areas of streaming water in the Ewaso Nyiro sand river, but on one game drive we noticed that the elephants actually preferred to dig holes further down stream where no surface water was streaming. The filtered water through the sand is cleaner and sweeter than surface water.)

When the wet season came and water was everywhere, the elephants abandoned the sand rivers for locations with fewer people.

That’s no longer necessary. The elephant population has rebounded and elephant poaching is well under control. And Tarangire’s ecosystem beyond its sand river is great for elephant. So while there may, indeed, be even a more spectacular elephant experience in the dry season (July – November), you’d find that difficult to explain to my client, Joyce Hassell, who had a 5-ton bull’s ears practically wrapped around her Landrover. Or to my other client, Jodi Eckenhoff, who figures she took about as many pictures of elephant as we decided we’d seen: 500!

Location,Location,Loc…

Location,Location,Loc…

Successful safari days have as much to do with where you’re staying at the end of the day, as what you’ve seen on your game drives.

We spent the last two days at Hatari Lodge in Arusha National Park. Some of my clients had been with me in Kenya for 6 days and others were just joining us. I was concerned that those who had already experienced great game viewing in Kenya might be a bit disappointed with the somewhat limited game viewing of Arusha National Park, but I was wrong.

“I never expected this!” Shelly Lazarus told me. Many of my clients are repeaters, but this was Shelly’s first safari. She was traveling with Ned Grossman, and this is his third safari with me, but Ned was equally impressed.

Hatari is located contiguous with the national park, a couple hundred meters from the park gate. It sits in the towering shadow of Mt. Meru with a huge 5-acre back yard which is a grassland plains usually occupied by buffalo and giraffe. Giraffe often wander right onto the pathways of the lodge to nip the juicy tips of the beautiful fever trees that landscape the lodge grounds.

Arusha National Park is a big game wilderness which surrounds Mt. Meru, Africa’s 5th highest mountain which rises behind Arusha town. There are developed farms all around the park so it’s almost impossible to take a game drive without seeing farm houses and workers in the not-too-distant horizon.

But the park is a beautiful rain forest with many small crater lakes that always have some wonderful bird life, often hundreds of flamingoes. We happened to be there when the flamingoes were breeding, so there were thousands of them. We found the rare turacos and gorgeous colobus monkeys in the dense forests.

Many of us joke that this is “Giraffic Park” because there are so many giraffe, because there are no lions. There are leopard, although fewer and fewer, and only a few night hooting hyaena. So the park is relatively predator free, and that allows the successful animals like giraffe, buffalo and bushbuck, to prosper.

I especially like the walks that are now well established and led by decent ranger/guides. Climbers take 3 days to summit Meru, but in 4 hours you can hike through some gorgeous rain forest and then step onto the lava field around the fascinating ash cone which finally ended Meru’s rain as a volcano in 1913.

Two of my clients, Illinois farmers, George and Nancy Halley, loved the walk but admitted that coming from the flatlands the 9,000-foot elevation did make things a bit slow going at times. In contrast, recently graduated Alison Eckenhoff who lives in Boulder, Colorado, didn’t miss a breath!

But what I realized this time was that the success of these two days wasn’t just the park, it was as much where the group stayed. Hatari Lodge is a beautiful creation of Joerg and Marliese Gabriel, who took a basic somewhat forgotten property and turned it one of the finest boutique safari lodges on the circuit.

The original property was part of the 1959 John Wayne film, Hatari. It was then a simple unused farmhouse. Fifteen years later it was turned into a very simple lodge by Stephie Leach and Baron Burt von Muteus. They called it Oldonyo Orok [“Black Rock” in Maasai, referring to towering Mt. Meru]. The Arusha couple didn’t market it very well, and it could never handle more than 16 people at a time when safari groups were normally in the twenties and thirties, so it remained something of a secret escape for smaller groups.

Several good American safari companies, like EWT and Mountain Travel, used the property extensively, but it was very basic. I remember having to caution my groups at the time about the “facilities.” A group of more than 10 couldn’t sit around the little, round dining room table that was squeezed into one corner of the single tiny public room. The tiny, tiny bedrooms each had a very compact shower and toilet, that “usually” worked.

But there was a beautiful long verandah that overlooked the current “back yard”, almost always with giraffe and buffalo. And to wake up in the morning in the shadow of gigantic Mt. Meru was worth any slight inconvenience in comfort.

Marliese and Joerg changed this in the early 2000s. They built on the Hatari theme, an extremely romantic and comfortable place to come after a hard day on safari. New individual and spacious bedrooms and large bathrooms were built, somewhat Art Deco and minimalist, but marvelously engineered by Joerg. The living room and bar are long and elegant and attached to the absolutely necessary outside verandah overlooking the game-filled “back yard.” Being contiguous with the park and without fencing, the animals in Hatari’s backyard are the animals in the park.

The secret Oldonyo Orok, spectacularly located which you paid for with a bit of inconvenience, became the masterful Hatari Lodge.

This is unusual in East Africa. The better and more comfortable lodges and camps are often not in good locations, as Hatari is. Throughout the normal safari circuits the properties in the best locations tend to be the mass tourism lodges rather than the luxury boutique ones. This is because the mass tourism lodges were the first built and understandably in the best locations for game viewing.

Luxury boutique properties came much later, well after photography safaris had been established. The original mass tourism lodges didn’t need to wow clients with gourmet food and stylish bathrooms. In the old days, the adventure of coming to Africa was so compelling you were awestruck just by the fact that your toilet actually flushed! Or that you even had one!

Today, there are more than twice as many boutique safari camps and lodges like Hatari as original mass circuit ones like the Sopas and Serenas. But in the vast majority of cases they came too late to get the best locations. Hatari is an exception.

Safari Club?

Safari Club?

Should the Mt. Kenya Safari Club be on your safari?

We are spending tonight at the Mt. Kenya Safari Club, having just completed a fantastic short Kenyan safari in the Aberdare Mountains (Aberdare Country Club & The Ark) and in Samburu (at Larsen’s Camp). For years my clients have been fiercely divided on whether the Safari Club should be included on their itinerary.

On the one hand it was always a beautiful place, a wonderful way to “catch your breath” between intensely scheduled days game viewing. And on the other, it meant you had to trade away a precious day of new adventures in the Kenyan bush for something easily had back home.

I respect that gusto but in some respects it greatly reduces an East African experience. Coming here should be much more than just a safari to see animals. East African society is one of the most interesting on earth. The skyrocketing transition of traditional life ways into the quagmire of the modern world is fascinating, and even a brief experience grows our global perspective in very important ways.

To me, Nairobi is a must, and not just as a quick overnight positioning before heading to a game park. Visiting community development projects, like the Kazuri Beads and (near the Safari Club) Nanyuki Weavers reveals a side to Kenyan life many visitors never anticipate. Rather than flying everywhere, I fervently believe you’ve got to drive at least a little, to see from the road the everyday lives of East Africans. I don’t think we should tolerate a vacation where you travel in a bubble made of your own comforts and securities.

And given these tenants of good travel, the Safari Club works masterfully into an itinerary. Its location is perfect for ending an overland safari. In a single day you can begin in a desert among traditional peoples struggling into modernity, climb through the immigrant Islamic town of Isiolo, whiz on the highway by Kenya’s largest and very successful corporate farms, visit the Nanyuki Weavers self-help project and enjoy Nanyuki town’s legendary Settlers’ Stores samosas. After all that cultural and visual overload, the free afternoon at the Safari Club is perfect!

But it seems like the Club’s current owner, Fairmont, is struggling. The new rooms are truly lovely, but the water doesn’t drain any quicker from the bathtub than before, making two baths before dinner a scheduling difficulty. The electricity was off for an hour when we arrived. And the food isn’t very good. This has always been a problem with the Safari Club, but last night my clients had to go through several knives to try to cut the steak, and the chicken looked (and one person said, tasted) like Plaster-of-Paris. To top off our dinner angst, the old piano player is still there, and just like before, he’d clear a 4th grade recital hall in a blink.

But the greatest put-off are the prices Fairmont is charging for incidentals. A bottle of water, $1 in the grocery store, is $12. A couple cocktails can top $20. A “3 Hour Nature Walk” – which you can easily do by yourself on beautiful trails – is almost $50. These aren’t prices you’d squint at in San Francisco, but hey guys, this is Kenya.

When Fairmont bought the Lonrho properties several years ago, there was great hope. And they’ve redone the Norfolk beautifully. But they’ve abandoned completely two important chinks in the safari circuit: The Ark and the Aberdare Country Club. You can’t even find these properties on the Fairmont website. This is Kenya, much more than the Safari Club.

I applaud Fairmont for trying to move Kenya forwards. I just wonder if Kenya is moving Fairmont backwards.

Fantastic Samburu

Fantastic Samburu

Dry Samburu gives us great game viewing!

It’s a real fallacy that the dry season is better for game viewing than the wet season. I think this myth was propagated by safari companies who didn’t have the right equipment capable of driving over slippery roads or getting out of mud.

Wet areas draw the animals, especially the herbivores. The veld is beautiful and fresh. Healthy herbivores mean the predators, like lions, have a better chance of raising larger families of cubs. All told, I always prefer wet season game viewing.

But when done correctly, the dry season can also be fantastic, and so it was for us on Saturday and Sunday, March 15 and 16, in Samburu.

The short rains of November had failed. The river the defines the parks of Buffalo Springs, Samburu and Shaba, had lasted only a week, when it should have rained for 6 or 7 weeks. The river has been dry since January, when normally it is dry for only the month of October. The Lorian Swamp is in serious risk of becoming a terrible ecological disaster.

But we know that the source of Samburu’s river, the Ewaso Nyiro, is the Aberdare Mountains, and it is getting rain, now. It remains to be seen if this will develop into a true rainy season as it should, but our fingers are crossed. And meanwhile, the game viewing in Samburu was great!

The Isiolo river, which joins the Ewaso Nyiro near the new Sobek Lodge, is flowing normally. The river comes out of Buffalo Springs. At this junction, all the crocodiles had to come, since the rest of the river is dry. We saw a pile of crocs! One of them was nearly 16 feet long, and it reminded me of what I had only seen before at Lake Turkana, and once on the Grumeti in the Serengeti.

Several of my clients were astounded that most of the large groups of elephants that we saw here weren’t drinking from the shallow water that was flowing east of the junction of the E.N. and Isiolo. Instead, the elephants were walking several kilometers west onto the seemingly completely dry E.N., then digging holes until they hit water flowing under the sand.

But the fact is that the water filtered through the sand is cleaner and sweeter than the shallow surface water which draws many birds and smaller animals. So while we saw great storks and plovers and hammerkops, and a few impala sipping the surface water flowing near the new Sobek Lodge, the elephants and most of the other animals were further west drinking from meter-deep holes the big tuskers had dug.

This means that despite the failure of the short rains, things still are pretty good for the Samburu animals. The elephants were healthy, and we saw families of buffalo that were nearly 100 individuals large! Baby ostrich, lots of Grevy’s zebra, dozens if not hundreds of reticulated giraffe, plenty of impala and two prides of lion.

That’s pretty good for a 2-day stay in Samburu, and I know this will tank if the long rains don’t come. There were some ominous signs that further north, things aren’t so good.

For the first time ever, I saw lots of magpie starlings in the park. And we found two Jackson’s hornbills. These are real desert birds that normally aren’t seen in Samburu. It must mean that wherever they normally reside further north, things are truly desperate.

It’s been almost 18 years since the last real drought. We had a spell like this about 8 years ago, and the short rain failure then was broken by a good long rains. That’s what we hope happens, now, but it remains to be seen.

But for the time being, what a wonderful time we had here! And it ended with our sundowners at the s-curve view point down from Larsen’s camp where we were staying. As we watched the sun set over the seemingly dry river, the sky turning a beautiful pink and lavender as the blurry yellow orb disappeared in the dust of the horizon, a leopard ran across the river’s sand!

Oil Highway

Oil Highway

The Chinese are building a modern road through Samburu.

The road from Mt. Kenya into the Northern Frontier is being transformed by the Chinese. The Chinese have been prospecting for oil in northern Kenya and rumors have been flying that they’ve hit liquid gold.

For twenty years I’ve suffered this horrible drive from Nanyuki to Samburu. Now it’s being paved. There are dozens of big red Chinese trucks, huge road working equipment, hundreds of Kenyan workers and dozens of Chinese managers in oriental straw hats, creating a modern road through the desert.

For right now it’s pretty bad, as all that exists for travel are the cut tracks at either side of the creation in progress. This means slow going, tons of powder dust and games of chicken with oncoming trucks.

The Kenyan military is out in force, too, presumably to protect the road workers.

Eventually, though, this will link Mt. Kenya with Samburu in modern quick ways. The journey here will become so much easier!

Long Rains Begun?

Long Rains Begun?

Our fingers are crossed that the Long Rains have begun.

Today we went deep into the Aberdare National Park. It was terribly dry. The November short rains failed. We aren’t certain yet if the long rains will, too.

In this part of East Africa there are normally two rainy seasons: the short rains begin by mid-November and continue through the end of the year. This year they lasted for only about a week to ten days. The long rains should begin, now, and continue through May.

We entered the Aberdare National Park at the Nyeri gate through the Moi Tea Estate area. The tea looks good; there’s been decent rain, here. The tea workers are back, after the horrible events of December, 2007, that sent them running away in fear.

We had a wonderful game drive. The rains have begun in earnest, but so far only in the very narrow strip of the path of our game drive, a path that transects the Aberdare Mountains diagonally from Nyeri towards Nakuru. It was beautiful and green and fresh smelling. We encountered very happy and very clean buffalo, healthy bushbuck and several big families of elephant.

When we arrived at the end of the day at The Ark, there were 20 elephant around the waterhole, which was refilling quickly. Later we would see giant forest hog, lots of bushbuck, buffalo and hyaena. According to The Ark log, rhino was a regular visitor throughout the week of March 9.

But because the short rains last November/December had failed, many of the fig trees and other fruiting trees had little to harvest. The hornbills population is way down as a result, and turacos, too, have suffered. Colobus numbers seem reduced. Everything depends, now, on whether this season will develop as hoped.

The economy has hit this industry hard. There were only 9 of us at The Ark on Saturday, March 14. We had a super time! Great wildlife viewing and superb service from the staff. But as selfish as I might wish to be, one wonders what will become of Kenyan tourism if business doesn’t improve quickly.

Safari Traffic Jam

Safari Traffic Jam

Never start your safari in Nairobi on a weekday morning.

I estimate there are 120-140,000 cars that try to get into Nairobi’s downtown area each morning, on only four roads into the city. The west and north sides aren’t impossible, but the east and south sides which include access to the international airport, are horrible.

It’s not a good way to begin a safari vacation. From about 6:15a to 10:30a, what should be a 20-minute, 10-12 mile journey, becomes a 90-120 minute, 10-12 mile journey.

The fumes are horrendous. The road, although newly built from the airport, is inadequate, with many parts not totally completed, cars and road rage vying for supremacy. I’ve spoken to hotel staff at the Norfolk who must leave home at 3 a.m. to begin work at 8 a.m.

And if you’re a tourist looking forward to a super safari, it’s hardly the best way to begin. I haven’t usually recommended certain air carriers over others, but whatever difference may exist, it doesn’t matter. You want to arrive at night, or during the weekend. Anything else is unmitigated disaster. Nothing else matters.

The poor workers who must get into Nairobi and who can drive must now pay Ksh 1400/- per day to park anywhere in the city center. That’s around $15-17 per day that goes straight to the Nairobi City Council. For a typical business office worker, that’s a quarter to a half of the entire salary.

So it goes to show that there are rich people in this society, but even speculating that there are as many as 3 people per private vehicle parked in the city center, it’s a small if fractional percentage of the millions of poor and unemployed.

But for visitors coming on safari, avoid the horror of being a part of this. Make sure you arrange to arrive only at night or during Saturday or Sunday.

Kenya Struggles

Kenya Struggles

…and inches forward, just a little bit late.

Today, Kenya’s President Kibaki makes an unusual road trip a-la-Obama into some of the areas in the country most effected by food shortages. Kenyan presidents don’t normally show their faces in public, much less in troubled areas. He is desperately trying to prop up the political soul of the country, fragilely held by the Grand Coalition Government.

Yesterday, more than 3000 university students held a demonstration in the city that was mostly peaceful to protest the police shooting of human rights workers the week before. Students have never been given government sanction to protest before yesterday. (It did not end wholly peacefully, which was a real shame, with nonorganizers looting a few stores and blocking downtown traffic.)

Yesterday, the head of the Kenyan Tourist Federation held a press conference that was actually attended by the press to condemn the government’s sanction to grow the number of tourist lodges and camps in Kenya’s most famous big game park, the Maasai Mara. Similar conservationists have been sounding this alarm for years, but rarely if ever got coverage.

Yesterday, all primary schools in the country were closed down in mid-term and the children sent home. The education ministry ran out of money. Kenya has given all children the rights to a free education. They are expected to be called back when money is found, maybe in a couple weeks. They are going to be a little bit late finishing their assignments this term.

Yesterday, the long-rains began. Like everything else in Kenya, a little bit late.

Kenya is struggling, which is not news, but doing so in the midst of the worst global economic recession in memory, with consequences for increasing poverty and starvation unimaginable to us in the west. We are worried in the U.S. that our government might have a budget deficit equal to 15% of our GDP. In Kenya, the government budget deficit this year is likely to be 300% of GDP. They are going to be a little bit later in erasing their deficit than we will be.

The patience of Africa is unfathomable to an American. But Kenya is moving forward, pole pole, slowly, but it is moving forward. And it is in every citizen’s of the world interest to keep them inching along, if only a bit late.

Darwin & Shelby

Darwin & Shelby

Darwinism Slams The 3rd World
London

As I make my way more slowly than usual to Kenya, I’ve stopped in London to visit the Darwin exhibit at the British Museum. While flying over, the World Bank issued a report that for the first time since WWII the world economy is expected to post a decline, and that the hardest hit will be the Third World: Seven hundred billion (external, i.e. AID) dollars, the Bank said, will be needed by the Third World this year just to continue to exist.

The Darwin exhibit at the British Natural History Museum is a slight redo of the same exhibit that was earlier at the American Natural History Museum in New York. Much is the same, but I noted specially an emphasis here on documenting America’s romance with creationism and in one of the mini-theater videos, a scathing reproof of creationism by a long list of scientific talking heads. I guess New York didn’t dare.

And at the same time, too, there was a slightly extended version of Darwin’s own reticence to publish what he believed: natural selection. It was nearly 20 years after he compiled the data and most of the theories before he actually dared to publish. It’s widely presumed now that he did so because of a younger upstart, Alfred Wallace, who told Darwin he was going to do so. Wallace was an impoverished adventurer who had to spend his life collecting species and selling them back at home to fund his journeys and research. Darwin was upper class, raised with a silver spoon and able to cogitate his theories for 20 years as a gentleman hobby farm at his estate, the “Down.”

Wallace corresponded much with Darwin. There’s a debate raging and fine tuned by David Quammen’s Song of the Dodo that without Wallace Darwin would neither have had the copious evidence nor the motivation to ever have published. Even before these two there were “evolutionists”, including Robert Chambers who in 1832 published a natural selection theory before being ridiculed out of existence by the then theologians cum-scientists.

The original acceptance of Darwin’s natural history theories led quickly to men of stature postulating social Darwinism, and it was a hop, skip and jump from there to eugenics. It’s remarkable how truth is coopted by the politics of the moment.

And so I worry that Senator Shelby, among others, who would like to see the normal demise of Citicorp and GM and hundreds of home owners — because that is what the status quo untouched would do – will likely thumb his nose at the Third World’s need for its own bailout.

Shelby leads the pack of invalid thinkers who believe that the weak should be abandoned by the strong, a not so far-fetched analog of social Darwinism. And so in the midst of the worst global economy of nearly all our life-times, we celebrate Darwin’s birthday, laud his science and begin this misalignment of natural selection to the contemporary world order.

It made me realize that Darwin was an imperial scientist, that Wallace was the people’s man, and that society’s lack of compassion for the less privileged impeded science in Darwin’s day, coopted it to justify the Holocaust and now is likely to abandon the Third World.

Often since evolution was fully understood, we’ve come to realize the interconnectivity of species, and even of species and inorganic but fragile parts of earth like special geological and weather systems. We learned that ecology is the compassionate explanation of evolution. Science has demonstrated that allowing the reduction of species – the contraction of our incredibly varied planet – ultimately reduces ourselves: makes us sick. As a science it’s mundane and exact, but its broader incorporation into social planning leads to heart-felt policies.

We are all interconnected. How on earth we’re going to fund all the bailouts we need is beyond this one man’s comprehension, but I fear greatly the powerful’s inclination to protect any but themselves.

Can’t Trust the NYT?

Can’t Trust the NYT?

My favorite newspaper publishes an unfair article about Kenya.

The situation in Kenya – as throughout the entire world – is not as good as we expected it would be a year or two ago.

Kenya was plucked from near abyss by a Grand Coalition Government that ended the political violence that accompanied the December, 2007, Presidential elections. There was great hope, then. The struggle was then clobbered by a double whamming: a drought in the north and northeast that came as far south as some important agricultural lands to the east of Mt. Kenya, and a world economy catastrophe.

Yesterday, the New York Times bureau chief, Jeffrey Gettlemen, wrote an article about Kenya that I consider unfair.

It’s important to note that Gettlemen has been in Nairobi for a little more than 2 years. He came from Afghanistan, where conflict was the name of the game, then arrived Nairobi as the political apparatus was unraveling before the December violence, and then reported well throughout that period. He covers a wider and wider region for the Times, including the conflicts in the Congo and Ethiopia.

There’s nothing that Gettlemen writes in his February 28 article (republished on Sunday, March 1) that is patently untrue, but much I think is misleading and reflects rather that “half-empty” glass that the I guess readers want to see, instead of the “half-full” one that I see.

I’m sure that much of Gettlemen’s material was simple broom sweeping of the local media, because last week in particular, the numerous vocal columnists in both major newspapers, Kenya’s very active and political group of lawyers, and a prominent clergyman all delivered or published scathing reports of the current government. There was no original reporting in anything he wrote.

It was an appropriate time for local critics to hit the government hard, as the time for constructing a “Truth & Reconciliation Commission” to probe the December, 2007, violence had come and gone, and the UN who is charged with overseeing the coalition was rightly mad. Some very prominent political watchdogs like John Githongo, the anti-Corruption Czar, went public, too. Githongo caused a sensation last week when writing, “The only thing that holds this government together is the glue of corruption.”

Gettlemen, of course, reported that. But what he didn’t report was that the pressure to create a commission or kick back the commission to the World Court at the Hague (provided for in the coalition agreement) is going to work. There will be action, soon, in Kenya, to deal with this problem. The Attorney General may even resign shortly. The process is working.

What Gettlemen didn’t report was that Githongo had fled to London for several years, fearful for his life as a robust whistle-blowing journalist and anti-corruption crusader, and that he accepted government and private offers to return last year to help in reconstruction. At least Githongo considers the political climate in Kenya much improved right now from even two years ago.

Gettlemen reported that”Ten million people face starvation, partly because farmers in crucial food-producing areas who fled their homes last year have not returned, instead withdrawing deeper into their ethnic enclaves, deeper into fear.” He has exaggerated the numbers and stretched reality.

I have rarely known a year in Kenya when some integer of “millions” were not starving. In the developed world we tend not to care about this unless it is linked with something even more ghastly, like a revolution. Consider this: On the same day that Gettlemen published his “Menace & Starvation” article, a better news source, Reuters, also published a story on Kenya including this remark: ”Climate change has hit this part of Kenya hard over the past few years. With fodder and water for cattle increasingly scarce, the regular droughts that are part of life in the Rift Valley now put communities at risk of starvation.” (Click here for the full article.

That is a much more balanced account. Obviously, any political stress whatever is going to exacerbate something like food shortages which might otherwise simply be the result of drought. But for Gettlemen to imply that it is substantially caused by ethnic conflict, is simply wrong.

Finally, Gettlemen reported with a flair that tourism is down 35%. My goodness, this is something I know about! As my faithful blog readers know, I removed everything from Kenya in 2008 that we had booked through June. If all companies had done that, tourism would have been down at least 50%! So I don’t consider Gettlemen’s figure of 35% bad at all. In fact, it really does show a rebound greater than any of us expected.

And by the way, tourism is down that much or more in all the neighboring countries. In southern Africa it may be down by half. It is “down” because of the world economic crisis, not because of any kind of social disruption.

Kenya has had drought, and political conflict, and robust political debate, since its inception. This is without doubt a rocky period, and a positive political future in Kenya is undoubtedly compromised by the situation in the world that has little to do with Kenya, namely the economic recession and climate change. While it is hard to fault Gettlemen for inaccurate reporting, he should definitely be chastised for not being more balanced.

What attracts viewership to Fox News and Rush Limbaugh ought not be the motivation for our much lauded NYT.